Evaluación del estado actual de la enseñanza de tareas de visualización y orientación espacial en Educación Primaria

En este Trabajo de Final de Grado se pretende hacer un estudio de las habilidades, conocimientos y competencias del alumnado de Educación Primaria en las tareas de orientación y visualización espacial. Actualmente la geometría es una de las grandes olvidadas dentro de las programaciones de aula a pesar de haber ocupado, a lo largo de la historia, el eje vertebrador de múltiples ciencias y diciplinas. Haciendo uso de diferentes clasificaciones y aspectos de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la geometría, este Trabajo de Final de Grado pretende hacer un breve análisis de cuáles son los aspectos más importantes a la hora de enfrentarnos, como docentes, a la enseñanza de la geometría en general y a las tareas de visualización y orientación espacial en particular. El método a seguir en esta investigación va a ser la evaluación de conocimientos pre y post intervención en el aula y comparar su evolución en los cursos de primero y sexto de primaria, además de entre ambos cursos, dando lugar a una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, exploratoria y transversal.<br /

PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES ACERCA DE LOS EXÁMENES ONLINE CON CORRECCIÓN AUTOMÁTICA EN UNA EVALUACIÓN MIXTA: RETROALIMENTACIÓN PARA LA MEJORA

Development of the information and communication technologies has led to an increase in the use of Computer Based Assessment (CBA) in higher education. In the last decade, there has been a discussion on online versus traditional pen-and-paper exams. The aim of this study was to verify whether students have reserves about auto-scored online exams, and if that is the case, to determine the reasons. The study was performed in the context of a blended assessment in which 1200 students were enrolled on a first-year physics university course. Among them, 463 answered an anonymous survey, supplemented by information obtained from an open-ended question and from interviews with students. Three factors (labelled ‘F1-Learning,’ ‘F2-Use of Tool,’ and ‘F3-Assessment’) emerged from the quantitative analysis of the survey, and an additive scale was established. We found significant differences in the ‘F3-Assessment’ factor compared to the other two factors, indicating a lower acceptance of the tool for student assessment. It seems that even though students are used to computers, they have a lack of confidence in online exams. We carried out an in-depth survey on this topic in the form of an open-ended question and by interviewing a small group of 11 students to confer strength and nuance to the quantitative results of the survey. Although their comments were positive in general, especially on ease-of-use and on its usefulness in indicating the level achieved during the learning process, there was also some criticism of the clarity of questions and the strictness of the marking system. These two factors, among others, could have been the cause of the worse perception of F3-Assessment and the origin of the students’ reluctance towards online exams and automatic scoring.El desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación haproducido un incremento del uso de la Computer Based Assessment (CBA,evaluación basada en ordenadores). en la educación superior. En la últimadécada, ha habido un debate sobre los exámenes online vs los escritostradicionales. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido verificar si los estudiantes tienen prejuicios sobre los exámenes online con corrección automática, y si ese es el caso, determinar los motivos. El estudio se realizó en el contexto de una evaluación mixta que implicó a 1200 estudiantes matriculados en una asignatura de física de primer curso universitario. De entre ellos, 463 respondieron a una encuesta anónima. Del análisis cuantitativo de la encuesta surgieron tres factores (etiquetados «F1-Learning», «F2-Use of Tool» y «F3-Assessment»), y se estableció una escala aditiva. Hemos encontrado diferenciassignificativas en el factor «F3-Assessment» en comparación con los otrosdos factores, lo que indica una menor aceptación de la herramienta parala evaluación del estudiante. Parece ser que, a pesar de que los estudiantes están acostumbrados a los ordenadores, tienen una falta de confianza en los exámenes online. Para reforzar y matizar los resultados cuantitativos de la encuesta, incluimos una pregunta abierta y realizamos una entrevista a un pequeño grupo de 11 estudiantes. Aunque sus comentarios fueron en general positivos, especialmente sobre la facilidad de uso y sobre su utilidad para conocer el nivel alcanzado durante el proceso de aprendizaje, hubo algunas críticas sobre la claridad de las preguntas y el rigor del sistema de puntuación.Estos dos factores, entre otros, podrían ser la causa de la peor percepción del factor «F3-Assessment» y el origen de las reticencias de los estudiantes a los exámenes online y a la corrección automática

Effects of Atorvastatin on Vitamin D Levels in Patients With Acute Ischemic Heart Disease

Producción CientíficaVitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis and other chronic diseases, including type 1 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic heart disease. Cholesterol and vitamin D share the 7-dehydrocolesterol metabolic pathway. This study evaluated the possible effect of atorvastatin on vitamin D levels in patients with acute ischemic heart disease. Eighty-three patients (52 men and 31 women) with an acute coronary syndrome (75 with acute myocardial infarction and 8 with unstable angina) were included. After diagnosis, patients received atorvastatin as secondary prevention. Serum vitamin D was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at baseline and at 12 months. Atorvastatin treatment produced a statistically significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels and an increase in vitamin D levels (41 19 vs 47 19 nmol/L, p 0.003). Vitamin D deficiency was decreased by 75% to 57% at 12 months. In conclusion, atorvastatin increases vitamin D levels. This increase could explain some of the beneficial effects of atorvastatin at the cardiovascular level that are unrelated to cholesterol levels

TENDENCIAS INVESTIGATIVAS EN EL DESARROLLO DE PRODUCTOS MECATRONICOS EN LA ACTUALIDAD (RESEARCH TRENDS IN THE MECHATRONIC PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT CURRENTLY)

Resumen La mecatrónica es un campo interdisciplinario de ciencias de la ingeniería caracterizado por la integración e interconexión entre la ingeniería mecánica, la ingeniería eléctrica y la informática. Los productos mecatrónicos son en su mayoría estructuralmente complejos, pero son una solución óptima para muchos campos de la Industria como la medicina, la agricultura, la agroindustria entre otros. Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal identificar las tendencias investigativas en los proyectos mecatrónicos NPD en la actualidad. Para ello se hace una revisión bibliográfica, citando trabajos importantes en el área a partir del año 2017 y abordando el objetivo principal de cada investigación, para así agruparlas en enfoques e identificar las tendencias investigativas actualmente. Al final se puede concluir que la tendencia es reducir el costo total en un producto mecatrónico, así como de comenzar a adaptar los conceptos de las nuevas tecnologías de la Industria 4.0 (I4.0) a los proyectos de desarrollo de nuevos productos mecatrónicos (NPD). Palabras Clave: Enfoques investigativos, NPD, proyecto mecatrónico, tendencia investigativa. Abstract Mechatronics is an interdisciplinary field of engineering sciences characterized by the integration and interconnection between mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science. Mechatronic products are mostly structurally complex, but they are an optimal solution for many fields of Industry such as medicine, agriculture, agroindustry among others. The main objective of this paper is to identify research trends in the development of mechatronics products today. To meet this objective, a bibliographic review is made, citing important works in the area from 2017 on and addressing the main objective of each investigation in order to group them into approaches and identify current investigative trends. In the end, it can be concluded that the trend is to reduce the total cost of a mechatronic product, as well as to begin to adapt the concepts of the new technologies of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) to mechatronic NPD (new project development) projects. Keywords: investigative approaches, NPD, Mechatronic Project, Research trend

Near barrier scattering of 8He on 208Pb

The exotic nucleus 8He is investigated by means of the measurement of the angular distributions of the elastic channel and the 6He and 4He fragment yields produced in the collision with a 208Pb target at two energies around the Coulomb barrier, 16 and 22 MeV. The experiment was performed at the GANIL-SPIRAL facility, with the aim of extracting information about the structure of 8He and the relevant reaction mechanisms. In this contribution, details of the experimental setup and preliminary data on elastic cross sections are reporte

Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Capecitabine After Standard Neo-/Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01)

Altres ajuts: Agustí Barnadas: Honoraria: Pfizer. Consulting or Advisory Role: Pfizer, Novartis, Eli Lilly. Speakers'Bureau: Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, Genomic Health International. Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Roche, Pfizer; Miguel A. Seguí: Consulting or Advisory Role: Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, Amgen, Eisai, Eli Lilly. Speakers' Bureau: Roche, Pfizer, Amgen. Research Funding: Roche (Inst), Novartis (Inst). Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, Amgen.Operable triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a higher risk of relapse than non-TNBCs with standard therapy. The GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01 trial explored extended adjuvant capecitabine after completion of standard chemotherapy in patients with early TNBC. Eligible patients were those with operable, node-positive-or node negative with tumor 1 cm or greater-TNBC, with prior anthracycline- and/or taxane-containing chemotherapy. After central confirmation of TNBC status by immunohistochemistry, patients were randomly assigned to either capecitabine or observation. Stratification factors included institution, prior taxane-based therapy, involved axillary lymph nodes, and centrally determined phenotype (basal v nonbasal, according to cytokeratins 5/6 and/or epidermal growth factor receptor positivity by immunohistochemistry). The primary objective was to compare disease-free survival (DFS) between both arms. Eight hundred seventy-six patients were randomly assigned to capecitabine (n = 448) or observation (n = 428). Median age was 49 years, 55.9% were lymph node negative, 73.9% had a basal phenotype, and 67.5% received previous anthracyclines plus taxanes. Median length of follow-up was 7.3 years. DFS was not significantly prolonged with capecitabine versus observation [hazard ratio (HR), 0.82; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.06; P =.136]. In a preplanned subgroup analysis, nonbasal patients seemed to derive benefit from the addition of capecitabine with a DFS HR of 0.53 versus 0.94 in those with basal phenotype (interaction test P =.0694) and an HR for overall survival of 0.42 versus 1.23 in basal phenotype (interaction test P =.0052). Tolerance of capecitabine was as expected, with 75.2% of patients completing the planned 8 cycles. This study failed to show a statistically significant increase in DFS by adding extended capecitabine to standard chemotherapy in patients with early TNBC. In a preplanned subset analysis, patients with nonbasal phenotype seemed to obtain benefit with capecitabine, although this will require additional validation

Effectiveness of Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections

IMPORTANCE The consumption of broad-spectrum drugs has increased as a consequence of the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. Finding alternatives for these infections is critical, for which some neglected drugs may be an option. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fosfomycin is noninferior to ceftriaxone or meropenem in the targeted treatment of bacteremic urinary tract infections (bUTIs) due to MDR E coli. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, randomized, pragmatic, open clinical trial was conducted at 22 Spanish hospitals from June 2014 to December 2018. Eligible participants were adult patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections due to MDR E coli; 161 of 1578 screened patients were randomized and followed up for 60 days. Data were analyzed in May 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1 to 1 to receive intravenous fosfomycin disodium at 4 g every 6 hours (70 participants) or a comparator (ceftriaxone or meropenem if resistant; 73 participants) with the option to switch to oral fosfomycin trometamol for the fosfomycin group or an active oral drug or pa renteral ertapenem for the comparator group after 4 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was clinical and microbiological cure (CMC) 5 to 7 days after finalization of treatment; a noninferiority margin of 7% was considered. RESULTS Among 143 patients in the modified intention-to-treat population (median [IQR] age, 72 [62-81] years; 73 [51.0%] women), 48 of 70 patients (68.6%) treated with fosfomycin and 57 of 73 patients (78.1%) treated with comparators reached CMC (risk difference, -9.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI, -21.5 to infinity percentage points; P = .10). While clinical or microbiological failure occurred among 10 patients (14.3%) treated with fosfomycin and 14 patients (19.7%) treated with comparators (risk difference, -5.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI. -infinity to 4.9; percentage points; P = .19), an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations occurred with fosfomycin vs comparators (6 discontinuations [8.5%] vs 0 discontinuations; P = .006). In an exploratory analysis among a subset of 38 patients who underwent rectal colonization studies, patients treated with fosfomycin acquired a new ceftriaxone-resistant or meropenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria at a decreased rate compared with patients treated with comparators (0 of 21 patients vs 4 of 17 patients [23.5%]; 1-sided P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that fosfomycin did not demonstrate noninferiority to comparators as targeted treatment of bUTI from MDR E coli; this was due to an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations. This finding suggests that fosfomycin may be considered for selected patients with these infections

Impact of the presence of heart disease, cardiovascular medications and cardiac events on outcome in COVID-19

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors and usage of cardiovascular medication are prevalent among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Little is known about the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. The goal herein, was to evaluate the prognostic impact of having heart disease (HD) and taking cardiovascular medications in a population diagnosed of COVID-19 who required hospitalization. Also, we studied the development of cardiovascular events during hospitalization. Methods: Consecutive patients with definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 made by a positive real time- -polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swabs who were admitted to the hospital from March 15 to April 14 were included in a retrospective registry. The association of HD with mortality and with mortality or respiratory failure were the primary and secondary objectives, respectively. Results: A total of 859 patients were included in the present analysis. Cardiovascular risk factors were related to death, particularly diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio in the multivariate analysis: 1.810 [1.159– –2.827], p = 0.009). A total of 113 (13.1%) patients had HD. The presence of HD identified a group of patients with higher mortality (35.4% vs. 18.2%, p &lt; 0.001) but HD was not independently related to prognosis; renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics and beta-blockers did not worsen prognosis. Statins were independently associated with decreased mortality (0.551 [0.329–0.921], p = 0.023). Cardiovascular events during hospitalization identified a group of patients with poor outcome (mortality 31.8% vs. 19.3% without cardiovascular events, p = 0.007). Conclusions: The presence of HD is related to higher mortality. Cardiovascular medications taken before admission are not harmful, statins being protective. The development of cardiovascular events during the course of the disease is related to poor outcome

Urinary metals and metal mixtures and oxidative stress biomarkers in an adult population from Spain: The Hortega Study

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have investigated the role of exposure to metals and metal mixtures on oxidative stress in the general population. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the cross-sectional association of urinary metal and metal mixtures with urinary oxidative stress biomarkers, including oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8‑oxo‑7,8‑dihydroguanine (8-oxo-dG), in a representative sample of a general population from Spain (Hortega Study). METHODS: Urine antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) were measured by ICPMS in 1440 Hortega Study participants. RESULTS: The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of GSSG/GSH comparing the 80th to the 20th percentiles of metal distributions were 1.15 (95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 1.03-1.27) for Mo, 1.17 (1.05-1.31) for Ba, 1.23 (1.04-1.46) for Cr and 1.18 (1.00-1.40) for V. For MDA, the corresponding GMRs (95% CI) were 1.13 (1.03-1.24) for Zn and 1.12 (1.02-1.23) for Cd. In 8-oxo-dG models, the corresponding GMR (95% CI) were 1.12 (1.01-1.23) for Zn and 1.09 (0.99-1.20) for Cd. Cr for GSSG/GSH and Zn for MDA and 8-oxo-dG drove most of the observed associations. Principal component (PC) 1 (largely reflecting non-essential metals) was positively associated with GSSG/GSH. The association of PC2 (largely reflecting essential metals) was positive for GSSG/GSH but inverse for MDA. CONCLUSIONS: Urine Ba, Cd, Cr, Mo, V and Zn were positively associated with oxidative stress measures at metal exposure levels relevant for the general population. The potential health consequences of environmental, including nutritional, exposure to these metals warrants further investigation